A comparison of deep multiomics profiles across ethnicity, geography, and age.

Nasim Barapour, John Z Cao, Yue Wu, Shubham Gupta, Michael R Hoopmann, Rui Qin, Mukul K Midha, Myriam Mireault, Pablo Juanes-Velasco, Casey Hanson, Sara Ahadi, Emily Higgs, David H Baxter, Christian Diener, Orit Dagan-Rosenfeld, Daniel Hornburg, Songjie Che, Fredrik Edfors, Stephanie J Church, Mohan Babu, Durga Thota, Christopher Jin, Tristan Chou, Shannon Rego, Monika Avina, Lettie McGuire, Jessi W Li, Thomas Karathanos, Daniel J Panyard, Martín A Acosta Parra, Aubrey K Roberts, Amarnath K Ranjit, Ekanath Rangan, Jose Juan Almagro Armenteros, Melanie Ashland, Kevin Erazo Castillo, Gavin Traber, Matthew Ellenberger, Ryan Kellogg, Wenyu Zhou, Hannes Rost, Martin Kjellberg, Tejaswini Mishra, Charu Kapil, Ulrike Kusebauch, Sushmita Patwardhan, Alicia Landeira-Viñuela, Angela-Patricia Hernandez, Mikkel Eggert Thomsen, Maliha Mashkoor, Thanadol Sutantiwanichkul, Tea Dodig-Crnkovic, Annika Bendes, Leo Dahl, Sean M Gibbons, P Venkat Rangan, Allan Stensballe, Jochen M Schwenk, Richard D Unwin, Manuel Fuentes, Lekha Sleno, Robert L Moritz, Lara K Mahal, Michael P Snyder

Department of Genetics, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. · pubmed

Paper

Abstract

Despite extensive research, molecular differences in human populations and the influence of ancestry, age, geography, and diet are poorly understood. We performed comprehensive multiomics profiling (including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics, metallomics, glycomics, and microbiomics) on samples from 322 healthy individuals of European, East Asian, and South Asian ancestry across multiple continents. We identified ethnicity-associated molecular features linked to host metabolism, autoimmune disease risk, drug metabolism, and neurodegenerative pathways. We uncovered ancestry- and geography-related molecular changes affecting metabolism, immune function, microbiome composition, and biological aging. Specific genetic variants and gene expression differences were associated with lipid metabolism and immune regulation. Geography influenced biological age: East Asians showed lower biological age in their ancestral regions, whereas individuals of European ancestry exhibited lower biological age in the US/Canada than in Europe. Diet-microbiome metabolism interactions displayed ethnicity-specific patterns, many related to health. This open access resource advances understanding of ethnicity-environment interactions and supports precision medicine.

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Research summary

The paper claims to identify ethnicity-associated molecular features linked to metabolism and biological aging. The research explores molecular differences across populations that could inform precision medicine and understanding of biological aging, which is relevant to longevity.

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