Beta vulgaris-derived exosome-like nanovesicles mitigate photoaging by attenuating oxidative stress and promoting collagen biosynthesis.

Abstract

Photodamage, primarily induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, is a major contributor to skin aging and a significant dermatological challenge. While conventional anti-aging strategies exist, their limited efficacy and potential side effects necessitate the exploration of safer and more effective alternatives. Here, we report on a novel anti-photoaging nanotherapy using exosome-like nanovesicles (BVNVs) derived from edible beet (Beta vulgaris). We demonstrate that BVNVs effectively mitigate UV-induced skin damage through a multi-faceted mechanism. In vitro experiments showed that BVNVs significantly promote the expression of key extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, collagen I (COL-1), while markedly inhibiting the expression of collagen-degrading enzyme, matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1). Mechanistically, BVNVs treatment robustly attenuated UV-induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by a substantial reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and an enhancement in antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Furthermore, BVNVs reduced cellular senescence markers, including senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal), in UV-irradiated skin cells. Consistent with our in vitro findings, in vivo studies on a photodamaged skin model revealed that topical application of BVNVs effectively restored skin structure and function. These findings highlight BVNVs as a promising, biocompatible, and sustainable nanoplatform for anti-photoaging therapy. Our study not only provides a scientific basis for developing new skin care solutions from natural sources but also presents a compelling case for harnessing plant-derived nanovesicles in addressing oxidative stress-related dermatological conditions.