Interplay between frailty and cardiometabolic disorders: from pathophysiology to clinical implications.

Gaetano Santulli, Giada Sabatelli, Brandon Wang, Marco Savino, Francesca Pia Bruno, Stanislovas S Jankauskas, Annamaria Massaro, Caterina Peluso, Maria Vicario, Luigi Savino, Fahimeh Varzideh, Maria Luisa D'Onghia, Pasquale Mone

Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA.Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Einstein Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation (INI), Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA. · pubmed

Paper

Abstract

Frailty and cardiometabolic disorders are highly prevalent in the aging population and frequently coexist, amplifying each other's adverse effects. Frailty, defined by decreased physiological reserves and heightened vulnerability to stressors, often occurs alongside cardiometabolic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. The intersection of these conditions poses substantial clinical challenges, impacting morbidity, mortality, and quality of life. Understanding the shared pathophysiological mechanisms underlying frailty and cardiometabolic disorders is critical for guiding effective prevention and management strategies. This systematic review, registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251164236), documents current knowledge on the definitions, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of frailty in the context of cardiometabolic disorders and highlights the main clinical implications of their coexistence. Additionally, we discuss evidence-based strategies for assessment, prevention, and management, emphasizing the importance of an integrated approach to improve outcomes in older adults. These insights aim to inform both clinicians and researchers about targeted interventions that can mitigate risk, enhance resilience, and optimize patient care.

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Research summary

The paper claims that understanding the shared pathophysiological mechanisms between frailty and cardiometabolic disorders can guide effective prevention and management strategies. This research is relevant as it addresses the interplay of aging-related conditions and aims to improve outcomes in older adults, which is crucial for longevity research.

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