Mediterranean diet, gut microbiota, and cognitive decline in older adults with obesity/overweight and metabolic syndrome: a prospective cohort study.

Jiaqi Ni, Adrián Hernández-Cacho, Stephanie K Nishi, Nancy Babio, Clara Belzer, Prokopis Konstati, Jesús Vioque, Dolores Corella, Olga Castañer, Josep Vidal, Isabel Moreno-Indias, Laura Torres-Collado, Oscar Coltell, Montse Fitó, Miguel Ruiz-Canela, Dong D Wang, Francisco J Tinahones, Jordi Salas-Salvadó

Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental ANUT-DSM, C/Sant Llorenç, 43201, Reus, Spain.Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentació, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental ANUT-DSM, C/Sant Llorenç, 43201, Reus, Spain. · pubmed

Paper

Abstract

Emerging evidence highlights that diet dynamically shapes the gut microbiome, which in turn influences cognitive function through bidirectional gut-brain communication, offering a promising target for mitigating cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders. While the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is a well-established dietary pattern with demonstrated neuroprotective benefits, the interplay between MedDiet adherence, gut microbiota, and longitudinal cognitive trajectories remains poorly understood. We aimed to identify a gut microbial signature of the MedDiet adherence and prospectively examine the associations of MedDiet adherence and MedDiet gut microbial signature (MedDiet-GMS) with cognitive changes over time in older adults at high risk of cognitive decline.

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Research summary

The paper claims that adherence to the Mediterranean diet and its associated gut microbial signature can influence cognitive decline in older adults. This research is relevant as it explores dietary interventions that may address underlying mechanisms of aging and cognitive decline, rather than merely treating symptoms.

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