The dichotomic role of cytokines in aging.
Abstract
The chronic inflammation present in aged individuals is generally depicted as a detrimental player for longevity. Here, it is discussed several beneficial effects associated with the cytokines that are chronically elevated in inflammaging. These cytokines, such as IL-1β, type I interferons, IL-6 and TNF positively regulate macroautophagy, mitochondrial function, anti-tumor immune responses and skeletal muscle biogenesis, possibly contributing to longevity. On the other side, the detrimental and antagonistic role of these cytokines including the induction of sarcopenia, tissue damage and promotion of tumorigenesis are also discussed, underscoring the dichotomy associated with inflammaging and its players. In addition, it is discussed the role of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and other cytokines that affect aging in a more linear way, such as IL-11, which promotes senescence, and IL-4 and IL-15, which promotes longevity. It is also discussed more specific regulators of aging that are downstream cytokines-mediated signaling.
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Research summary
The paper discusses the dual roles of cytokines in the context of aging and longevity, highlighting both their beneficial and detrimental effects. This exploration of cytokines in relation to macroautophagy, mitochondrial function, and immune responses provides insights into mechanisms that could influence longevity. However, while it presents solid research, the findings appear to be more incremental rather than groundbreaking, limiting its overall impact on the field of longevity research.
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