Glutathione peroxidase 3 is essential for countering senescence in adipose remodelling by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis.

Yijie Song, Mengjie Zhu, Md Ariful Islam, Wenyi Gu, Kavsar Alim, Chien-Shan Cheng, Jingxian Chen, Yu Xu, Hongxi Xu

School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai, 201203, China. · pubmed

Paper

Abstract

Adipose tissue senescence is a precursor to organismal aging and understanding adipose remodelling contributes to discovering novel anti-aging targets. Glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPx3), a critical endogenous antioxidant enzyme, is diminished in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT) with white adipose expansion. Based on the active role of the antioxidant system in counteracting aging, we investigated the involvement of GPx3 in adipose senescence. We determined that knockdown of GPx3 in adipose tissue by adeno-associated viruses impaired mitochondrial function in mice, increased susceptibility to obesity, and exacerbated adipose tissue senescence. Impairment of GPx3 may cause mitochondrial dysfunction through inner mitochondrial membrane disruption. Adipose reshaping management (cold stimulation and intermittent diet) counteracted the aging of tissues, with an increase in GPx3 expression. Overall metabolic improvement induced by cold stimulation was partially attenuated when GPx3 was depleted. GPx3 may be involved in adipose browning by interacting with UCP1, and GPx3 may be a limiting factor for intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation during stem cell browning. Collectively, these findings emphasise the importance of restoring the imbalanced redox state in adipose tissue to counteract aging and that GPx3 may be a potential target for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and longevity.

The following analysis is generated by AI and may contain errors. It is separate from the authors’ abstract and is not peer review.

Research summary

The paper investigates the role of GPx3 in adipose tissue senescence and its implications for mitochondrial homeostasis, which are relevant to understanding the biological mechanisms of aging. By focusing on the antioxidant system's role in counteracting aging processes, it contributes to the broader field of longevity research. However, while the findings are solid and provide insights into adipose tissue dynamics, they do not present groundbreaking advancements that would significantly alter the current understanding of aging or longevity, thus warranting a moderate impact score.

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